Respiratory System Multiple Choice Question
Respiratory System Multiple Choice Question
Here are 50 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) about the human respiratory system, each followed by the correct answer:
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
a) Digestion
b) Circulation
c) Gas exchange
d) Excretion
Answer: c) Gas exchange
Which structure in the respiratory system is the main site of gas exchange?
a) Trachea
b) Bronchi
c) Alveoli
d) Bronchioles
Answer: c) Alveoli
What muscle contracts to initiate inhalation?
a) Intercostal muscles
b) Abdominal muscles
c) Diaphragm
d) Pectoral muscles
Answer: c) Diaphragm
What is the windpipe that conducts air from the larynx to the bronchi called?
a) Esophagus
b) Trachea
c) Pharynx
d) Bronchiole
Answer: b) Trachea
Which part of the respiratory system contains the vocal cords?
a) Pharynx
b) Larynx
c) Trachea
d) Bronchi
Answer: b) Larynx
What is the flap of cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway?
a) Uvula
b) Epiglottis
c) Glottis
d) Soft palate
Answer: b) Epiglottis
How many lobes does the right lung have?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: c) Three
What is the term for the tiny hair-like structures that line the respiratory tract and help move mucus out of the lungs?
a) Microvilli
b) Cilia
c) Flagella
d) Villi
Answer: b) Cilia
Which gas is transported by red blood cells from the lungs to the body’s tissues?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Helium
Answer: b) Oxygen
What is the main structure of the respiratory system where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged?
a) Bronchi
b) Trachea
c) Alveoli
d) Larynx
Answer: c) Alveoli
What is the primary muscle involved in the process of inhalation?
a) Intercostal muscles
b) Diaphragm
c) Abdominal muscles
d) Pectoral muscles
Answer: b) Diaphragm
Which of the following is the correct order of air passage during inhalation?
a) Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
b) Nose, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
c) Nose, trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
d) Nose, bronchi, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, alveoli
Answer: a) Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
What structure separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?
a) Epiglottis
b) Palate
c) Septum
d) Uvula
Answer: b) Palate
Which part of the brain regulates the rate and depth of breathing?
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: c) Medulla oblongata
What is the condition characterized by inflamed airways and difficulty breathing, often triggered by allergens or exercise?
a) Bronchitis
b) Emphysema
c) Pneumonia
d) Asthma
Answer: d) Asthma
Which disease is characterized by the destruction of the alveoli, leading to reduced surface area for gas exchange?
a) Asthma
b) Bronchitis
c) Emphysema
d) Tuberculosis
Answer: c) Emphysema
What is the term for the amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions?
a) Vital capacity
b) Tidal volume
c) Residual volume
d) Total lung capacity
Answer: b) Tidal volume
Which structure in the respiratory system serves as a common pathway for both air and food?
a) Larynx
b) Trachea
c) Pharynx
d) Esophagus
Answer: c) Pharynx
What is the role of the surfactant in the lungs?
a) Increase the volume of the lungs
b) Reduce surface tension in the alveoli
c) Transport oxygen in the blood
d) Prevent the trachea from collapsing
Answer: b) Reduce surface tension in the alveoli
What is the term for the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation?
a) Tidal volume
b) Inspiratory reserve volume
c) Vital capacity
d) Residual volume
Answer: c) Vital capacity
Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the bronchi, leading to coughing and mucus production?
a) Emphysema
b) Asthma
c) Bronchitis
d) Pneumonia
Answer: c) Bronchitis
What is the main function of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?
a) Filter, warm, and moisten air
b) Exchange gases
c) Produce vocal sounds
d) Store oxygen
Answer: a) Filter, warm, and moisten air
What is the correct term for the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs?
a) Bronchioles
b) Alveoli
c) Capillaries
d) Tracheae
Answer: b) Alveoli
Which type of blood vessel surrounds the alveoli for gas exchange?
a) Arteries
b) Veins
c) Capillaries
d) Lymphatic vessels
Answer: c) Capillaries
What is the term for the process of air moving in and out of the lungs?
a) Respiration
b) Diffusion
c) Ventilation
d) Perfusion
Answer: c) Ventilation
Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for voice production?
a) Pharynx
b) Larynx
c) Trachea
d) Bronchi
Answer: b) Larynx
What is the medical term for a collapsed lung?
a) Pneumothorax
b) Bronchitis
c) Emphysema
d) Pleural effusion
Answer: a) Pneumothorax
Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?
a) Uvula
b) Epiglottis
c) Vocal cords
d) Soft palate
Answer: b) Epiglottis
What is the function of the pleura surrounding the lungs?
a) Facilitate gas exchange
b) Produce surfactant
c) Reduce friction between lung and chest wall
d) Warm and humidify inhaled air
Answer: c) Reduce friction between lung and chest wall
Which respiratory structure is also known as the voice box?
a) Trachea
b) Larynx
c) Pharynx
d) Bronchus
Answer: b) Larynx
What is the main component of the mucus that traps particles and pathogens in the respiratory tract?
a) Collagen
b) Elastin
c) Mucin
d) Keratin
Answer: c) Mucin
Which respiratory structure divides into the left and right bronchi?
a) Larynx
b) Trachea
c) Bronchiole
d) Pharynx
Answer: b) Trachea
What is the name of the small flap that covers the trachea during swallowing?
a) Larynx
b) Epiglottis
c) Pharynx
d) Uvula
Answer: b) Epiglottis
What is the primary site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs?
a) Bronchi
b) Alveoli
c) Trachea
d) Larynx
Answer: b) Alveoli
What condition is characterized by chronic bronchial inflammation, increased mucus production, and narrowing of the airways?
a) Pneumonia
b) Asthma
c) Tuberculosis
d) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Answer: d) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Which part of the brain contains the respiratory centers that control the rate and depth of breathing?
a) Cerebellum
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Hypothalamus
d) Thalamus
Answer: b) Medulla oblongata
What is the term for the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation?
a) Tidal volume
b) Vital capacity
c) Residual volume
d) Functional residual capacity
Answer: d) Functional residual capacity
Which structure in the respiratory system acts as a passageway for both air and food?
a) Trachea
b) Esophagus
c) Pharynx
d) Bronchi
Answer: c) Pharynx
What is the primary gas transported by the blood from the lungs to the tissues?
a) Nitrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Helium
Answer: b) Oxygen
What is the name of the disease characterized by inflammation and infection of the alveoli?
a) Emphysema
b) Pneumonia
c) Asthma
d) Bronchitis
Answer: b) Pneumonia
Which structure prevents the collapse of the trachea and keeps the airway open?
a) Smooth muscle
b) Cartilage rings
c) Elastic fibers
d) Alveolar sacs
Answer: b) Cartilage rings
What is the function of the nasal conchae in the respiratory system?
a) Support the trachea
b) Produce mucus
c) Increase surface area for warming and humidifying air
d) Exchange gases with the blood
Answer: c) Increase surface area for warming and humidifying air
What is the term for the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to move air in and out of the lungs?
a) Respiration
b) Ventilation
c) Diffusion
d) Osmosis
Answer: b) Ventilation
Which of the following is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs?
a) Bronchitis
b) Tuberculosis
c) COPD
d) Pneumonia
Answer: c) COPD
What is the primary chemical stimulus for breathing?
a) Low oxygen levels
b) High carbon dioxide levels
c) High oxygen levels
d) Low carbon dioxide levels
Answer: b) High carbon dioxide levels
Which of the following structures is part of the lower respiratory tract?
a) Nasal cavity
b) Pharynx
c) Larynx
d) Bronchioles
Answer: d) Bronchioles
What is the name of the respiratory condition characterized by episodes of narrowed airways and difficulty breathing?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Emphysema
c) Bronchitis
d) Asthma
Answer: d) Asthma
What is the function of alveolar macrophages in the lungs?
a) Produce surfactant
b) Facilitate gas exchange
c) Remove debris and pathogens
d) Secrete mucus
Answer: c) Remove debris and pathogens
Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?
a) Oxygenation of blood
b) Removal of carbon dioxide
c) Regulation of blood pH
d) Production of red blood cells
Answer: d) Production of red blood cells
What is the name of the membrane that encloses and protects the lungs?
a) Pericardium
b) Peritoneum
c) Pleura
d) Meninges
Answer: c) Pleura
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