Human Kidney Multiple Choice Question
Human Kidney Multiple Choice Question
Certainly! Here are 50 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on the human kidney, along with the correct answers, These questions cover various aspects of kidney anatomy, physiology, diseases, and functions:
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
A) Digestion
B) Filtration of blood
C) Hormone production
D) Bone formation
Answer: B) Filtration of blood
What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?
A) Nephron
B) Alveolus
C) Hepatocyte
D) Osteocyte
Answer: A) Nephron
Which part of the nephron is responsible for the filtration of blood?
A) Loop of Henle
B) Bowman’s capsule
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Proximal convoluted tubule
Answer: B) Bowman’s capsule
Which blood vessel supplies blood to the kidneys?
A) Renal artery
B) Renal vein
C) Inferior vena cava
D) Aorta
Answer: A) Renal artery
What is the name of the process by which waste products are removed from the blood by the kidneys?
A) Absorption
B) Filtration
C) Excretion
D) Digestion
Answer: B) Filtration
What hormone is produced by the kidneys to regulate red blood cell production?
A) Insulin
B) Erythropoietin
C) Glucagon
D) Renin
Answer: B) Erythropoietin
Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorbing most of the filtered water?
A) Bowman’s capsule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Proximal convoluted tubule
D) Distal convoluted tubule
Answer: C) Proximal convoluted tubule
What is the primary nitrogenous waste product excreted by the kidneys?
A) Urea
B) Ammonia
C) Uric acid
D) Creatinine
Answer: A) Urea
Which hormone regulates the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys?
A) Insulin
B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Glucagon
D) Erythropoietin
Answer: B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What is the primary function of the Loop of Henle?
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption of water and salt
C) Secretion
D) Hormone production
Answer: B) Reabsorption of water and salt
Which blood vessel carries filtered blood away from the kidneys?
A) Renal artery
B) Renal vein
C) Inferior vena cava
D) Aorta
Answer: B) Renal vein
Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of ions and the secretion of hydrogen ions?
A) Bowman’s capsule
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Distal convoluted tubule
Answer: D) Distal convoluted tubule
What is the term for the movement of substances from the blood into the nephron?
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption
C) Secretion
D) Excretion
Answer: C) Secretion
What condition is characterized by the presence of excess proteins in the urine?
A) Proteinuria
B) Hematuria
C) Glycosuria
D) Pyuria
Answer: A) Proteinuria
Which structure stores urine before it is excreted from the body?
A) Ureter
B) Urethra
C) Bladder
D) Renal pelvis
Answer: C) Bladder
What is the term for the inflammation of the kidneys?
A) Nephritis
B) Cystitis
C) Urethritis
D) Hepatitis
Answer: A) Nephritis
What is the primary role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
A) Filtration of blood
B) Reabsorption of nutrients
C) Regulation of blood pressure
D) Secretion of urea
Answer: C) Regulation of blood pressure
Which of the following conditions involves the formation of stones in the kidneys?
A) Nephritis
B) Nephrolithiasis
C) Pyelonephritis
D) Hydronephrosis
Answer: B) Nephrolithiasis
Which hormone released by the adrenal glands influences kidney function?
A) Cortisol
B) Aldosterone
C) Adrenaline
D) Thyroxine
Answer: B) Aldosterone
What is the primary function of the glomerulus in the kidney?
A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Filtration of blood
C) Reabsorption of water
D) Secretion of waste
Answer: B) Filtration of blood
What is the name of the fluid that collects in the Bowman’s capsule?
A) Plasma
B) Interstitial fluid
C) Glomerular filtrate
D) Lymph
Answer: C) Glomerular filtrate
What is the term for high levels of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood?
A) Hyperglycemia
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Azotemia
D) Polycythemia
Answer: C) Azotemia
Which of the following is a symptom of chronic kidney disease?
A) Frequent urination
B) Hypertension
C) Polyuria
D) Hypotension
Answer: B) Hypertension
Which condition results from the sudden loss of kidney function?
A) Chronic kidney disease
B) Acute kidney injury
C) Nephrotic syndrome
D) Renal agenesis
Answer: B) Acute kidney injury
Which part of the nephron is responsible for the final concentration of urine?
A) Bowman’s capsule
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
Answer: D) Collecting duct
What is the role of the kidneys in acid-base balance?
A) Filtration of blood
B) Reabsorption of nutrients
C) Excretion of hydrogen ions
D) Secretion of urea
Answer: C) Excretion of hydrogen ions
Which enzyme is released by the kidneys to regulate blood pressure?
A) Renin
B) Amylase
C) Pepsin
D) Lipase
Answer: A) Renin
Which condition is characterized by the presence of blood in the urine?
A) Proteinuria
B) Hematuria
C) Glycosuria
D) Pyuria
Answer: B) Hematuria
Which part of the nephron plays a key role in concentrating the urine?
A) Bowman’s capsule
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Distal convoluted tubule
Answer: C) Loop of Henle
What is the term for decreased urine output?
A) Polyuria
B) Anuria
C) Oliguria
D) Nocturia
Answer: C) Oliguria
Which condition involves inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney?
A) Nephritis
B) Cystitis
C) Pyelonephritis
D) Glomerulonephritis
Answer: C) Pyelonephritis
What is the primary function of the renal pelvis?
A) Filtration of blood
B) Collection of urine
C) Secretion of hormones
D) Reabsorption of nutrients
Answer: B) Collection of urine
Which structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
A) Urethra
B) Ureter
C) Renal pelvis
D) Collecting duct
Answer: B) Ureter
What is the term for the presence of glucose in the urine?
A) Proteinuria
B) Hematuria
C) Glycosuria
D) Pyuria
Answer: C) Glycosuria
What is the primary role of the distal convoluted tubule?
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption of water
C) Secretion of ions and waste
D) Formation of glomerular filtrate
Answer: C) Secretion of ions and waste
Which part of the kidney is responsible for producing renin?
A) Glomerulus
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Juxtaglomerular cells
D) Collecting duct
Answer: C) Juxtaglomerular cells
Which of the following is a common symptom of kidney stones?
A) High fever
B) Severe back or abdominal pain
C) Frequent urination
D) Increased thirst
Answer: B) Severe back or abdominal pain
What is the primary function of aldosterone in the kidneys?
A) Increase water reabsorption
B) Increase sodium reabsorption
C) Increase potassium reabsorption
D) Increase urea excretion
Answer: B) Increase sodium reabsorption
Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of urine in the kidney due to obstruction?
A) Nephritis
B) Cystitis
C) Hydronephrosis
D) Pyelonephritis
Answer: C) Hydronephrosis
What is the term for the production of abnormally large volumes of urine?
A) Anuria
B) Oliguria
C) Polyuria
D) Nocturia
Answer: C) Polyuria
Which electrolyte is most closely regulated by the kidneys?
A) Calcium
B) Potassium
C) Sodium
D) Magnesium
Answer: C) Sodium
Which part of the nephron is primarily involved in filtering blood to form urine?
A) Loop of Henle
B) Bowman’s capsule
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct
Answer: B) Bowman’s capsule
What is the term for the surgical removal of a kidney?
A) Nephrectomy
B) Cystectomy
C) Ureterectomy
D) Hepatectomy
Answer: A) Nephrectomy
Which condition involves the formation of cysts in the kidneys?
A) Nephritis
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Hydronephrosis
D) Pyelonephritis
Answer: B) Polycystic kidney disease
What is the primary function of the renal cortex?
A) Filtration of blood
B) Reabsorption of nutrients
C) Secretion of hormones
D) Storage of urine
Answer: A) Filtration of blood
Which hormone does the kidney secrete in response to low blood oxygen levels?
A) Insulin
B) Erythropoietin
C) Aldosterone
D) Renin
Answer: B) Erythropoietin
Which structure in the kidney is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of glucose?
A) Bowman’s capsule
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
Answer: B) Proximal convoluted tubule
What is the term for the surgical creation of an opening into the kidney?
A) Nephrostomy
B) Cystostomy
C) Ureterostomy
D) Hepatostomy
Answer: A) Nephrostomy
What is the role of the collecting duct in the nephron?
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption of ions
C) Concentration of urine
D) Formation of glomerular filtrate
Answer: C) Concentration of urine
Which process involves the kidney in regulating blood pressure by the release of renin?
A) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
B) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
C) Tubular secretion
D) Countercurrent mechanism
Answer: A) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
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